NIPAH VIRUS – A New Threat

Nipah virus infection is a viral infection caused by the Nipah virus. Nipah virus is an infection which is newly emerging Zoonosis that causes severe diseases to both animals and humans. The host of this virus are fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family; Pteropus genus. NiV has its first outbreak in 1998 at that time pigs were the intermediate host. Transmission from human to human has been documented in India.
NiV is also capable for causing diseases in both pigs and other domestic animals. There is no vaccine for both animals and humans. The treatment for human cases is intensive supportive care. Symptoms of this virus vary from fever, vomiting, cough, headache, shortness of breath, confusion this may even lead to coma. Complication can include inflammation of brain and seizures following recovery.
It is the type of RNA virus in the genus Henipavirus.so it spreads both in plant and animals. It may spread typically due to direct contact with the infected source.

Diagnosis:
Laboratory diagnosis of Nipah virus infection is made using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from throat swabs, cerebrospinal fluid, urine and blood analysis during acute and convalescent stages of the disease. 

Prevention and Treatment:
Currently, there is no specific treatment for Nipah virus infection.  Passive immunization using a human monoclonal antibody that targets the Nipah G glycoprotein has been evaluated in the ferret model as post-exposure prophylaxis.


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